A Cohesive Well Thought Response - 2021 Words

Exam #3 is due by 11:59 p.m. by the Friday of Week 8 via LiveText - Dec. 16, 2016. Using the information you assimilated in this course, answer the following questions in a cohesive well thought response. You may use bullet points or paragraphs, but ensure your answers are complete and thorough. 1. Explain McLuhan’s claim that â€Å"The Medium is the Message†. (2 pts) McLuhan’s claim that â€Å"The Medium is the Message† signifies that the approach of a transmitted message does matter. The reason as to why is that it affects how it is obtained by recipients which can manipulate their overall perception. This dominant form of communication also influences the substance in modifying how we interact and behave alongside our values and norms. These effects happen to stem from numerous definitions of media and its content for users such as hot (filled with information lacking in participation to think and active engagement furthering passive behavior) and cold (short of data requiring mental activity to be involved) media. Ultimately, this assertion pinpoints the role of media ecology in that mass media is the sole foundation of cultural life in society. 2. Using BOTH the principles/ parts of the theory AND your own experiences, discuss Cultivation Theory AND how media intake is cumulative. (2 pts) The cultivation theory address an association of television to violence creating a pervasive impact of our view of the world. These fears, unfortunately, formulated a medium ofShow MoreRelatedJob Satisfaction and Its Consequences1577 Words   |  7 Pagesturnover. 1) Economic Conditions/Unemployment Rate. When economics conditions are poor and there aren’t many available jobs (high unemployment), when a person is dissatisfied with his job it’s less likely that he will quit. Even though he has thought about quitting and wants to quit he doesn’t quit because he doesn’t have another job that he can take. On the other hand, when economic conditions are good and there are many available jobs (low unemployment), when a person is dissatisfied it’s farRead MoreServant Leadership : A Good Leader1447 Words   |  6 PagesServant Leadership The terms servant and leader are typically thought of as being contradictory terms. However, the theory of servant leadership has started gaining more and more notoriety over the last several years. Many organizations are learning that the management and leadership styles of the past are no longer inspiring or influencing the workers of today (Hunter, 1998). Servant leadership combines being able to identify and meet the needs of employees and patients by using the characteristicsRead MoreServant Leadership : A Good Leader1442 Words   |  6 PagesServant Leadership The terms servant and leader are typically thought of as being contradictory terms. However, the theory of servant leadership has started gaining more and more notoriety over the last several years. Many organizations are learning that the management and leadership styles of the past are no longer inspiring or influencing the workers of today (Hunter, 1998). Servant leadership combines being able to identify and meet the needs of employees and patients by using the characteristicsRead MoreTruly, In The United States Many Teams Building Company1042 Words   |  5 Pagestraining is developed in collaboration with the future company’s mission and values. Some of the courses, The corporate Teams offer are Emergenetics, Myers Briggs Type Indicator/MBTI and Five Behaviors of a Cohesive Team. Systematically, Five Behaviors of a Cohesive Team training, is a well-organized training, where, facilitators goal is to introduce an education experience that reinforces managers’ knowledge, aptitudes and skills. As a result, leaders have the capacity of creating an inter-organizedRead MoreA Psychodynamic Treatment Approach Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pagesalliance. As borderline pathology is characterized by negative affects, and impulsive, dangerous behavior, the therapist’s ability to keep Susanna in treatment will be essential. The therapist can do this by presenting him/herself non-judgmentally, as well showing Susanna that s/he is genuinely curious. This will allow Susanna to view the therapist as a safe and secure base for which Susanna can openly discuss her interpersonal world. During the clarification stage of therapy, the therapist will getRead MoreThe Fifth Child1351 Words   |  6 Pagesshe is set up for a disastrous encounter with an equally strange and bitingly irregular space. In addition to Harriet’s internal admission of her cultural flaws, the radically colourful and contemporary women chastise her for remaining a virgin. In response to the unbridled astonishment and shrieking remarks of the â€Å"dramatic†(1) women who surround her, Harriet reflects that her traditional nature is not â€Å"a physiological condition to be defended† (9). Harriet’s referral to her uncanny unusualness asRead More Interest Group Politics and Collective Action Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesnation. With over 400,000 members, the group is able to lobby very effectively in Washington and has an impressive legislative record. The HRC began in 1980 as a fund to raise money for gay-supportive congressional candidates. It was meant to be a response to the successful right-wing groups at the time, including the National Conservative Political Action Committee and Moral Majority. By 1984, the Human Rights Campaign Fund was effectively supporting congressional candidates, raising over 475,000Read MoreNurses and Non Verbal Communication1265 Words   |  6 Pagesquestions the patients’ response to her weight. This reaction from the nurse is an appalling use of Advising and Evaluating. Discussing weight is a sensitive topic for some woman and can escalate into an uncomfortable discussion when credibility is questioned. The nurses’ response was â€Å"really? † followed by a facial expression associated with disbelief immediately after the patient’s response. A Nurse went on to make assumptions based on her on weight to prompt a different response. The patient becomesRead MoreCommunicating Effectively As A Team In The Workforce Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent skills of others and keep the lines of communication open. The leader sh ould promote patience and convey toughness when necessary. Constructive Feedback In a study, Thompson, and Peterson found that creating teams that were reasonably cohesive were able to out bargain solos and gain on average 60% of the resources. But even in such situations, the solos were not losers (Thompson Peterson, 1997). Because of the larger scope that the teams created, the solos left with the same amount,Read MoreThe Tragedy Of The Death Of Cain And Abel Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pageshomicide has shifted as power and conflict have held different connotations and the understanding has allowed murder to be seen as significant today. â€Å"Homicides, as well as other negative interactions such as hostile takeovers or warfare, may require a reformulation and interpretation of standard network measures of centrality, power, and cohesive subgroupings†, Andrew Papachristos proposes in Murder by Structure: Dominance Relations and the Social Structure of Gang Homicide (121). Conflict and power are

Paper Publishing Versus Electronic Publishing Free Essays

Our world evolves in a very fast manner: from our household to outside jobs to recreation. All works concerned time efficiency and how works are to be done in the fastest way we can but not restraining the good quality of the product. All information, literary works and other works concerning anything under the sun relevant to mankind must be accounted for. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper Publishing Versus Electronic Publishing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Upon considering all information, literary works, and other works, it should be known to public by disseminating it. Publishing is the best way to communicate and disseminate information and works to the people. Traditionally, paper publishing do all the works when it comes to publication may it be news, literary works, musical works, and others. At present, the use of paper media in publishing is still enormous. However, considering the vastness of cost in using paper as a medium in publishing, then alternatives should be considered. Electronic publishing is the best alternative the web can give which has its appealing qualities and products. The evidence of its appealing features and products relies on the availability of the topic to be found. Electronic publishing make sure that their products and works are easy to access by its consumers thus providing them a lesser time in finding any information. Electronic publishing also has a wide range of links for a specific topic. Through the use of the web more information are readily access linking a particular topic to a more specific one. This makes the consumers or readers lessen the wasted time and have that excess time be useful in other activities. Due to the reasons discussed, it is evident that newspaper and book publishers convert their primary product into electronic publishing. Time, quality and reliability must coincide in choosing what to patronize when it regards to the news, literary works and other related works. The fastest the reliable information is to be disseminated the more consumers will trust and the better our world will be. References: Lawrence.http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/g.w.m.rauterberg/publications/CITESEER2001online-nature.pdf. retrieved July 25, 2007 Â   Â   How to cite Paper Publishing Versus Electronic Publishing, Essay examples

Cookie Bakery Case process Analyses samplesâ€Myaasignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss the Cookie Bakery Case process. Answer: Process flow diagram 1. Number of people to operate the bakery Opening the cookie company will require more than one person to operate, this is because its very involving. For instance, when one person will be taking the payment the other one should be cooking at the same time when cooking another hand is required to check the incoming orders and preparing the ingredients for that specific order. If one person is left to do this alone, then the preparation will be slower, and fewer orders will be taken. Another possibility is that one person would prefer to make the cookies early in advance, and this will make the cookie have no difference with the ones in stores hence reducing the customers (Greasley, 2009) 2. Premium cost of rush orders The cost of producing one dozen of cookies is $ 0.7. This is reached by adding the cost of the ingredients per dozen and the cost of packing boxes that holders 12 pieces of cookies. This is calculated below. Cost of the ingredients per dozen $ 0.60 Cost of packing boxes holding 12 pieces of cookies + $ 0.10 $ 0. 70 The realistic price for selling one dozen of cookies would be $ 3; this is because a profit must be made from the sale of the cookies. And because the electricity cost is taken cared by the landlord then there will not be a need to increase the cost of the cookies. I think for the rush orders a special price should be put. This is because it will disrupt the normal orders from being cooked and the normal order time should be increased so that in the case of a rush order it will not cause inconvenience to the ordinary customers. The rush order will delay the current order especially if its a different flavor. This is because the oven is small and can hold one tray at a time. If the normal order cost $ 3 per dozen, then the rush order should be $ 5 per dozen. The company is small and will need this to increase the cost to purchase another oven to meet the rush orders as well as the normal orders. I think at the time the two orders can be meet, but the normal order might be a bit late since the rush order will be priorities. The capacity planning should be done, which is the output the facility can handle or else there will not be enough output to meet customers needs (Reid, 2014) 3. Time required to deliver the cookies The time one dozen of cookies is expected to be ready for delivery is 26 minutes as seen in the calculation below. Washing bowl takes 6 minutes, mixing time 2 minutes, Putting in the oven 1 minute, Baking cookies 9 minutes, cooling cookies 5 minutes, packing time 2 minutes and payment time 1 minute. When all the above time is added it comes to 26 minutes, a safety time of 20 minutes should be added. So a customer will be required to collect his order after 46 minutes, the safety time should be put to ensure that the client doesnt arrive before the cookies are ready just in case the rush order interrupt the normal orders. So the customer should be told to collect his/her order after 46 minutes from the time the order was made. 4. Other factors to consider Aside from the cost of the production, some other facts should be considered, for instance, the in case the oven break down what will be done to meet the orders of the customers(Heizer, 2012). A backup plan should be put in place i.e. by finding a friend who has the oven that can be used in case they get a breakdown. Another factor that should be considered is if the landlord will continue paying the electricity one the baking company start. If the landlord will not pay, how much will it cost to the bakery and will it affect the cost of the cookies if so by how much. 5. System of standard cookies If the bakery decides to make standard cookies instead of the unique cookies, they should identify which flavor of the cookies most people have been ordering. After finding out, they produce these types of cookings ahead of time so that when the order is made they can just warm and deliver (Chernatony, 2010). But at the same time, they shouldnt make a lot of them since they should not be sold to the next day since the intention is to bit the cookies sold in the stores which are not fresh. They can also take the orders a day before the delivery day. This will ensure that they delivery, fresh cookies and reduce the cookies that are over produced. References Chernatony, L. M. (2010). Creating powerful brands. Greasley, A. G. (2009). Operations management. Heizer, J. h. (2012). Operation management. Jacobs, F. R. (2014). Operation and supply management. Reid, R., (2014). Operations Management An integrated approach. Schroeder, J. L. (2013). Operations management; contemporary concepts and cases.

Motivation in Learning and Teaching free essay sample

University teachers these days have to make themselves accountable in their teaching. Students are certainly a good source of feedback, for after all it is students that have first-hand experience of their teachers’ teaching. However, even ignoring the doubt whether all students are able to exercise impartial and objective judgement on their teachers’ performance, there are plainly aspects of teaching on which students are not in a position to pass professional judgement. Indeed, â€Å"student feedback questionnaires† tend to be rather limited in scope. Come to think of it, there are actually a number of sources in addition to student feedback, on which we as university teachers can depend for evaluating our teaching. First of all, we ourselves are sometimes the most reliable source of feedback a sort of â€Å"gut feeling† which we must be having right after teaching a class, a vague but genuine feeling about how well or how badly we have done! If only that feeling could be â€Å"externalised† and categorised or even quantified, how much more useful would that be for appraising our own performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation in Learning and Teaching or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another rich source of feedback is of course our colleagues, our peers. It is precisely in the context of evaluating our teaching performance that colleagues are able to play a significant role. Peer review/observation of teaching, if handled with care and carried out systematically, is capable of yielding extremely fruitful results, because our peers can be absolutely impartial, objective and are subject specialists. Furthermore, peer review/observation of teaching may over time form a substantial part of anyone’s â€Å"teaching portfolio† which may turn into an effective basis for contract renewal, ubstantiation or promotion. But then all this is easier said than done. We are of course well aware of the benefits of peer review/observation of our teaching. But the crucial question is: How should we go about it? One solution may be to happily marry a new form of micro-teaching to peer review/observation of teaching by using â€Å"state-of-the-art† video technolog y. Dr. Dwight Allen, who was one of the founders of traditional micro-teaching back in the sixties in Stanford University, 1 recently developed a new micro-teaching model which centres around the so-called â€Å"2 + 2† feedback. It works like this 1 Allen, Dwight W. Wang, Wai-ping (1996), Micro-teaching,Hsin Hua Publishers, Beijing The colleague whose teaching is being evaluated, teaches a five-minute lesson to a group of peers, usually four colleagues, focusing on one particular skill or technique, e. g. questioning skill, in the presence of a supervisor who is an expert’s in the colleague field. The entire session is videotaped, preferably using more than one camera, so that â€Å"split screen effects† can be achieved, capturing teacher and student action and reaction for playback viewing. Right after the â€Å"trial teach†, the supervisor will ask the teacher to self-critique his or her own performance. Then each peer will be asked to give feedback by following the â€Å"2 + 2† formula, which is actually making two positive comments and two suggestions for improvement. This way, if there are four peers present, a total of eight positive comments and eight different suggestions for improvement will be made available for the teacher’s consideration. All the time, videotaping is going on, so that every one will have a live record of what is happening. For the teacher such micro-teaching sessions would represent opportunities for safe practice and useful feedback. Colleagues may like to consider this suggestion, give it some thought and then try it out together with other colleagues. Colleagues may form â€Å"self-help groups† for micro-teaching/peer review purposes, whereby each colleague will take turns to be â€Å"observed and evaluated† and every time one colleague will act as â€Å"supervisor†. It should be emphasised that not only â€Å"generic† teaching kills such as getting students motivated and interested in the lesson, but even more importantly, particular skills that are specific to a given discipline or subject area should be trained and practised. Thanks to information technology (IT) facilities such as capturing video segments and footage, capturing sound and other media effects onto VCD’s and CD-ROM’s, colleagues these days can â€Å"store† their teaching endeavours and micro-teaching sessions reviewed by peers, in IT-based formats as well as in print format, making documentation of their teaching performances so much more versatile and variegated.

Family Night Agenda Handout and presentation

Family Night Agenda Handout and presentation Topic for family night The topic of my family night is one that many families around the world can relate to only too well. For my family night, the main agenda will be to discuss the issue of drug abuse given that it is amongst the many social and health problem that affect many families in the society.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Family Night Agenda Handout and presentation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Almost each household is in one way or another affected by drug abuse and as such, it is important to discuss and create awareness about this issue as this could help discourage drug abuse among family members and help one get help if she or he is already in the problem. Ice breaker activity Discussions about drug abuse may involve opening up, asking and speaking about sensitive issues and this can only be possible once everyone is relaxed and feeling as part and parcel of the discussion. One way o f encouraging this is to engage an ice breaker activity which in this case will be a fun activity. Our fun activity will involve all the family members writing four things about themselves of which three are to be true and only one false. The papers will then be exchanged so that a different person reads another’s sentences to the family so the family members can attempt guessing which of the sentences is wrong. After all the guesses, the writer will reveal the wrong sentence of the four and then the next set of questions will be read out. This will continue until all the papers are read out. Apart from being a fun activity, it will also help the family members know one another more and feel more at ease around one another. Breakdown of events The discussions are meant to last for roughly an hour and we will begin by defining what we all understand by drug abuse and why we think people engage in drug abuse. Given the difficulty that many find in admitting that they have a dru g abuse problem, the family night will discuss signs that can help one identify and know that he or she is abusing drugs and what steps to take towards tackling this problem. The discussions will also cover the roles that parents or guardians should play in discouraging this vice especially among the youth. These discussions will entail everyone being encouraged to voice their opinions and ask any pressing questions. Book that covers the agenda As a way of getting a deeper understanding on the effects of drug abuse in the society, we will overview some published information on the issue and recommend that everyone reads a certain book, explores a certain website, and find out more about the activities of a community based center.Advertising Looking for critical writing on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For this topic, one of the books that best explores the issue of drug abuse in the society is â⠂¬Å"The etiology and prevention of drug abuse among minority youth,† which is authored by Gilbert J Botvin and Steven Schinke and published in 1997 by Haworth Press Incorporated. In summary, the book examines issues related to racial identity, the use of alcohol and marijuana by young people and additionally, suggests some ways of tackling this problem by involving the whole community. Website that covers the agenda The website that satisfactorily covers our agenda for the family night is â€Å"Panorama† and is found at https://www.tigweb.org/youth-media/panorama/article.html?ContentID=4223. This website extensively covers the dangers related to drug abuse in the society, especially by the youth. Community resource that addresses the problem There are numerous centers that can be very helpful in providing information about drug abuse and for our family agenda, we shall explore the activities of the New Hope Recovery Centre, which is situated in Chicago at of Lincoln squ are locality.

6,399,322 Ways to Get More Social Media Engagement [PODCAST]

6,399,322 Ways to Get More Social Media Engagement [PODCAST] Have you had the frustrating experience of sending out social media posts only to receive no engagement whatsoever? Most marketers have had this happen, and some have it happen frequently. Today we’re going to be talking to ’s own Nathan Ellering. He’s the head of demand generation here at , and he has conducted a study that allows him to predict how well a particular post will do on any social media platform. Do you want to increase your social media engagement? If so, you won’t want to miss today’s show. Some of the highlights of this episode include: The scoop on and what it is Nathan does here as the head of demand generation. Nathan also shares how big the demand generation team is. Why Nathan took on his research project on which social media posts tend to do well on which platforms and how he evaluated different standards of performance. How the demand generation team uses data to do what works, over and over again. How Nathan went from having massive pile of data to putting it all into motion to work for . Why marketers should focus on content before mechanics. Hints on where to get the inspiration needed to create great content. Nathan explains methods such as PAS (problem-agitate-solve), bridge after bridge, AIDA (attention, interest, desire, action), and the 4 Cs (clear, concise, compelling, credibility). How to use closed-ended questions, controversy, anecdotes, and quotes on social media for maximum engagement. Specific strategies for finding success on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, LinkedIn, and Google+. Nathan’s very best advice on leveling up your social media skills.

Multiple Synthesis Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Multiple Synthesis - Lab Report Example The Biltz’s process of synthesizing phenytoin involves several steps, with each step forming a product that will be used in the next step. The process starts with the synthesis of benzil from benzoin, which then undergoes condensation catalysis by a base with urea. The multistep synthesis of various natural products, most of which are used as medicine, is necessary because of the lack of naturally occurring starting materials, and also because of the reason that multistep synthesis allows for the modification of various functional groups in the medicine, thus improving efficiency. 1.3 grams of thiamine hydrochloride were dissolved in 4.0 mL of distilled water in a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. 1.5 mL of 95% ethanol was added to the flask and the mixture cooled in an ice water bath. 2.5 mL of 3.0M sodium hydroxide was added dropwise to the solution while swirling. The temperature of the reaction system was maintained at below 20⠁ °C. While swirling the flask, 7.5 mL of benzaldehyde was added to the flask and the mixture heated in a water bath at 50⠁ °C for ten minutes. The flask was labeled and covered with a Parafilm ® and then placed in a fume hood for one week. The inside of the flask was gently scratched with a glass stir rod to induce crystallization. Since no crystals formed, the stir rod was dipped into the liquid and removed, and then allowed to dry in air. The flask was placed in a water bath with a temperature of 60⠁ °C to evaporate off some ethanol and then cooled in an ice bath. The color of the solution was noted down. 4.00 grams of the benzoin provided were added to a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The mixture was heated in a water bath in a fume hood until the mixture stopped producing brown-colored gas. The flask was then removed from the water bath and then 75.0 mL of distilled water added to the mixture. The mixture

International Business Practices-Phase 1 DB Essay

International Business Practices-Phase 1 DB - Essay Example er provides insight into international marketing and specific examples of mistakes companies have made in the past at marketing their products on foreign grounds. In the 21st century introducing new products into the international market is a basic necessity of any company trying to increase its sales and customer base. International marketing efforts require American businesspeople to at least gain a basic familiarity with the customs and practices of the country in which a company is considering doing business (Kammeyer, 2006). The discrepancies in the characteristics of a foreign customer include different taste and preferences, different lifestyles and altogether a different culture (Exploring International Markets, 2007). Marketing analyst must take these factors into consideration as they develop marketing plans and campaigns which incorporate penetration of international markets. There are many variables and elements that must be considered within a marketing plan to introduce new products into a different country. Some of the main factors that must be considered are listed below: Culture influences the behavior, views, customs and values of people, thus culture must be considered in the creation of marketing campaigns. In Asia red ink symbols a message from the dead; any written messages with ads in this market should never include red ink to avoid disrespectful messages. Racial and ethnic implications can cause great misunderstanding and lead to disastrous blunders. In 2002 A&F introduced a T-shirt which became very popular and created a lot of controversy, since they displayed slogans and stereotyped images of Asians (Direct Newsline, 2002). The campaign was launched nationally by the company. By creating such a racially offensive product this company hurt it chances of launching its products in the future to the Asian market which in the year 2000 produced $3,331 billion in GNP (Schneider, 2002). Climatic differences must be considered before

Microsoft Word Essay Example for Free

Microsoft Word Essay i »? For M2, the evidence can be taken from anywhere. Learners are not required to learn standard proofing symbols, but are expected to make notes or marks on the original document which indicate what has to be done. Evidence will require the initial documents, the final documents and some indication of authenticity of work. Indications of what would be appropriate are included in the relevant section of the PSA. As part of my continued training in my post I am required to maintain and improve my communication skills. I will communicate review draft documents to produce final versions. Spell checker was one tool that I used to review draft documents. I clicked on the Spelling Grammar option. I then looked to see the options for the misspelt word and then pressed add. I then got a pop up showing that the spelling and grammar were all correct. Spelling and Grammar options are very important to ensure that everything is making sense and everything is spelt correctly. It’s very important that when you hand work in its perfect as if it’s not it will look unprofessional. Sometimes the Spelling and Grammar option may pick out words and spell them the American way. This option should be used with caution. Next I made use of the thesaurus and synonyms options. I right clicked a word that I wanted to change and clicked Synonyms which gave me a list of words I could change it to. Another option is to press Thesaurus on the review section. It does the same as Synonyms. The Thesaurus and synonyms option is very useful if you want to up level words or find other suitable options for specific words. When changing to more complex words it makes your work sound more professional and high level. Lastly, I made use of document tracking options. This is a very important factor when reviewing documentations and can help compare new documents to prior old ones. I chose the Track changed option and changed my document according to how I wanted it to be. I then pressed accept and it showed and highlighted where I had made changed in my document. The Document Tracking Option allows you to track where you have change the document. It also allows you to compare with the previous one so you can decide what you think is better which is very useful. Making use of the reviewing tools that Microsoft word has to offer is very important. Each tool can help greatly when reviewing documents in order to make sure they are at a high level standard that do not include any grammatical or spelling errors that may make the individual look unprofessional. There are many more tools and techniques then the ones listed in this report that can help greatly in the review process. It’s always very important to make sure that there are no errors in the work as the individual needs to show that they are checking their work and are motivated and care about the quality of the work in helping aid and contribute to the company or business. Using all these tools can help aid the review process and can help improve the quality of the work thus helping the quality in which it contributes to the business or company. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Software section.

Ithaca by C.P. Cavafy Essay -- Ithaca C.P. Cavafy Greek Poetry Essays

Ithaca by C.P. Cavafy Everyone is given the opportunity to take the odyssey that is "life, however it is important to make the journey as memorable as one possibly can. The poem "Ithaca" by C.P. Cavafy suggests that what is most important in life is the experience that is incorporated with the journey, not necessarily just reaching the ultimate goal. It is the quest, not the destination which matters most. This message is conveyed through the poem through the use of allusion, myth and symbolism. The poem, "Ithaca", is based loosely around the great epic the Odyssey by ancient Greek poet Homer. In the Odyssey the character Odysseus trying to make his way home to his kingdom, Ithaca. The character faces many vicious creatures and other challenges he must endure in order to make it to the final goal. This is alluded to in the poem, by making reference to one of the characters starting out on "[his] journey to Ithaca" (line 1). C.P. Cavafy also refers to mythological creatures such as "the Cyclopes and the fierce Poseidon" (line 5), as well as "the Lestrygonians" (li...

The effect of inadequate protection of migrants in the food

The research paper critically analyses the effect of inadequate protection for migrant workers in the food and beverage industry. The research identifies the lack of adequate shelter, anti-immigration laws and lack of basic citizen’s rights. A critical analysis of the data sources and methods applied is considered. The Literature review section highlights the work of other researchers with respect to the research question â€Å"What exactly does it mean to say that migrant workers lack adequate protection in the food and beverage industry† A further analysis on the methodology is conducted which includes: Evaluation of housing conditions, the impact of   staffing, animals salary and the â€Å"No- Match† analysis. The research paper is   then conducted by highlighting the fact that there are labor shortage in the industry, therefore there is an increased dependency on migrant workers. Despite this fact, migrant workers are left without good conditions of service and ultimately lack of adequate protection especially with the anti-immigration laws in place. The paper then concludes by proposing better rights and protection for migrant workers in the food and beverage industry. Purpose The purpose of this research is to critically assess and analyse the effect of inadequate protection of migrants in the food and beverage industry. Scope This research identifies the lack of housing, anti- immigration laws and basic citizen’s rights in the food and beverage industry. Data, sources and Methods applied. An assessment of the housing conditions of the migrants was evaluated. The Sonoma and Napa counties of California was studied. The total numbers of the combined work force was determined and thereafter the percentage and number of migrants that have a shelter was then evaluated. A survey of the impact of staffing and plant services as a result of anti-immigrant laws was carried out. Annual salary and the job satisfaction was surveyed among the migrants. Finally, the use of the â€Å"NO -MATCH† data in the enforcement of immigration laws evaluated to show the effect of incorrect earning and information of migrant workers in the food and beverage industry. Limitations Certain limitations were encountered in this research. The effect of improper medical service and due compensation have not be considered in detail due to the lack of relevant data. LITERATURE REVIEW Robert Mondavi has often mentioned, â€Å" California has the soils and climate. California along with Australia, has led the wine world in technical advance in the winery and now in the vineyard- although there is still work to be done there. California can compete with other wine producing regions at almost every price level. From $5 a bottle to $100- plus,†Ã‚   (Mondavi, October 2002). Over the pact fifty years, national surveys of Americans   (NORC 1947,1972-98; Harris 1973,1981) Shows consistently that California has one advantages over the competition: the vineyard workers. There isn’t another vine growing region that workers with the worth ethnic the ability to rapidly learn necessary skills and the joy of life that California has with its Mexican and other Latin American field workers. They are an asset that can hardly be measured in dollars. The Sonoma and Napa counties alone have a combined harvest workforce of 16,000. there are only a few hundred beds for migrants on the entire North coast workers sleep in churches, crawled into single rooms, under bridges and wherever they can find room for a blanket. The vineyard workers, both migrants and permanent, documented and undocumented, are the most precious commodity California vine growers have. (FirstenFeld, 2002). Amelia Morgan Ceja put it well (Morgan, A.C., 2002) when she said that without the Mexican workers, there would be no California wine industry. The workers are responsible adults, supporting familiar back in Mexico. They deserve to be treated as such and allowed  the refreshment and relaxation that comes from a cold or (why not?) a glass or two of wine. It is bitterly ironic that wine generous should enforce prohibition on their own workers. Over the past two decades researches have increasingly investigated the determinant of the effect of larger staff (Kearl, Harris 1981) on the food and beverage industry. They postulated that the larger the staff and the better the welfare, the more efficient and productive the industry becomes. Requests for supplementary personnel were followed by wishers for more communication and better directions, better or updated equipment and computer technologies, more training and the availability of proper resources. While doing more with less has been an issue for years in most industrial especially the food and beverage (Harper, February 2004), pending anti-immigrants laws may have a huge impact on the operating efficiency and staffing in industry. When asked to described what, if any impact on staffing and plant services might occur as a result of anti-emigrants laws, Nancy Cruzan, stated that â€Å"one hundred percent of plant hourly workers are migrants, so we would be grateful affected by anti-emigrants labor initiatives (Cruzan, 2004). However, some researchers are more optimistic. â€Å"Industry will experience a period of labor shortage, but these problems will diminish over time as the migrants work force learns the proper process to gain employment† (Doyle, 2005) and â€Å"It should improve staffing by providing a system to get manual labor to do unskilled job through a documented controlled process. â€Å" (Doyle, 2005 Accordingly to Joy LePree, food and beverage workers find their jobs satisfying, but say there’s room for improvement ( LePree, December 1, 2006) Peter Wellington, a wine maker wrote a letter decrying the treatment received by the migrants workers He stated â€Å" This is not a problem of illegal immigrants, it’s a problem of homeless immigrants that creates a problem both for the community and the workers who don’t have decent facilities, (Wellington 1991). He relates â€Å"If you’re going to go out and pick group 10hours a day and have to cook over an open fire and not have a toilet or a place to take a shower or a dry place to sleep when it rains, that’s in human† In mainland China, there is and enormous floating population moving into the industrial towns cities. Their hands have helped build the cities high-rises, and their blood and sweat has paved the enter-city highways. The toil over 10 hours a day producing a range of goods in the manufactureing industry. Let they do not even have basic citizens rights. (Chen K.K, 2002). Migrants workers may be workers, but the industry in only interested in exploring their most productive years. They are not given adequate shelter, not insured against unemployment or old age, they are still denied pensions overtime pay, and working hours may as well not exist. Underlying every theory in the issue of inadequate protection. What exactly does it mean to say that migrant workers lack adequate protection in the food and beverage industry?. This is because migrant workers constitute the majority work force and are essential to the growth of the industry. They lack adequate protection, yet they are indispensable. METHODOLOGY Evaluation of housing conditions. An evaluation of the housing conditions of the migrants workers was conducted. The study considered the case of Sonoma and Napa countier of California. The total number of the combined workforce is 16,000. Only 500 beds are for migrants workers on the entire North cost. Workers sleep in churches, crowed into single rooms, under bridge and wherever they can find room for a blanket. Impact of staffing As surveying was carried out on the impact of staffing and plant service as a result of anti-immigration laws. Some of the employers in the industry were 100% of the result showered that â€Å"immigrants. This could lead to a huge effect on the productivity in the food and beverage sector. Another 50% of the work force could be lost. Still, others fear it would shut down operations entirely. However, some were more optimistic that the industry will this problem will diminish over time as the migrant workforce learns the proper process to gain employment. Immigration issues ranked among the top five most important workplace issues companies face today. When respondents were asked in a open ended question about the most important workplace issues faced today, safety was cited most often retaining trained staff and a qualified workplace was the second most significant issue with competition and the labor shortage tying third, communications ranked fourth and finally, immigrants taking fifth place. Annual Salary The annual salary of migrants workers shows that 90% of migrants workers are under paid, 10% still make good money ($75-$100) a ton). Most of them come back year after year. Job satisfaction in good but can be better No- Match data The use of SSA’s â€Å" No-match data with respect to immigration laws was analysed. A survey shows that employers used the same SSN for as many as 10 different workers in the same tax year as many as 308 times over a 16-year period studied. The result showed that employers used the same SSN for more than 100 earnings reports. Employers most frequently associated with incorrect earnings reports belonged to industry groups historically known to employ illegal immigrants such as agriculture, food and beverage industry. Employers in these industries are most likely to file earnings reports with incorrect information. CONCLUSION For decades, the most labor-intensive sectors of American agriculture have been dependent on alien workers to meet basic workforce needs. In recent years almost all sectors have dealt with labor shortage by employing alien workers. The food and beverage industry is no exception. Unfortunately, these migrant workers are given inadequate protection in terms of housing wages pension and anti-immigration laws. Despite the fact that the contribution of these workers in the industry cannot be quantified, they are not given better conditions of service. Better rights for alien workers is therefore proposed. References REFERENCES 1.Chen K. K, 2002,† Unprotected Migrant workers†. Wines and vines Publishers 2.Cruzan, 2004, â€Å"Effect of anti- immigrant laws†. Evans Publishers. 3.Doyle, 2005, : â€Å"Labor Shortage and the Food Industry†. Chicago Press. 4.Firstenfeld, 2002, â€Å" What Wine Growers Have†. Heineman Publishers 5.Harper, February 2004, â€Å"Alien workers and anti- immigrant laws â€Å" Wines Vines. 6.Kearl; Harris 1981, â€Å" Adequate Compensation for Migrants workers† New York Press. 7. Le Pree December 1, 2006, â€Å"The joy of Food and Beverage workers†. Mcgraw hill Press 8. Mondavi R, October 2002, â€Å" working in wine and vines†. New York Press. 9. Morgan. A. C, 2002 â€Å"California’s secret Weapon†, Wines and Vines Publishers. 10.   NORC, 1947, 1972-79, Harris 1973, 1981, â€Å" National Survey of Americans†. New York Press. 11.Wellington 1991, â€Å" Treatment received by Migrant Workers†. Retrieved the pick of the crop.            

Customer Outreach Representative

As assigned as a bilingual representative, handle Spanish line calls and related activities. Essential Functions Actively participate in the retention and attainment of servicing account vole me through the consistent delivery' of excellent internal and external customer service. 2. Communicate with student loan borrowers/ endorsers using the Borrower Services call model, department policies and procedures, and online tools. Identify the reason(s) t he borrower is having or may have difficulty maintaining their student loan account in good standing g.Present solutions hat are suited to the borrower's situation, with an emphasis on long term sol suctions. 3. Effectively counsel borrowers/ endorsers. Share critical information regarding their rights and responsibilities, the benefits of maintaining their account in good standing, an d the consequences of default. 4. Verify and obtain new demographic information during contacts with borrow errs and others. 5. Secure the information and documentation necessary to qualify borrowers of r payment plans, deferments, and forbearance's. 6. Keep up to date with department policies and procedures. 7.Assist in the investigation of difficult and problem accounts. Follow and/ or take the appropriate action to resolve the concern. 8. Initiate feedback to Borrower Services Supervisor(s) with ideas to improve pro ceases. 9. Document communication and borrower commitments. 10. Contribute to a positive work environment. 11. Perform additional tasks related to the resolution and maintenance of deadline .NET student loan accounts. Borrower Borrower Seer vicesCustomer Outreach Representative. Doc (09/06/2013) Physical Demands of Position High frequency talking, hearing, near vision, keyboard entry and sitting.Environmental/Working Conditions of Position Inside office or work from home environment Equipment Used Various computer, printing, and telecommunications equipment such as telex hone, headset, computer, copiers, and printers al ong with other workstation tools.

PROMETHEUS BOUND essays

PROMETHEUS BOUND essays Peter Paul Rubens (1547 - 1640) When I walked into the Philadelphia Museum of Art for my first time I could not wait to start looking at the artworks of brilliant artist of the past and present. I took my time on my first visit looking at as much as I could. Prometheus Bound by Peter Paul Ruben and Frans Synders, is one of the painting that drew my attention immediately and beckoned me to examine its history. Located on the second floor in room 258, this oil on canvas painting, spanning 95 7/8 x 82 1/2 (7 117/8 x 6 101/2), was begun in 1611 and completed in 1618. Ruben completed the majority of the painting while Synders painted the giant Caucasian Eagle. I choose this painting because I am interested in myths and legends, and the story of Prometheus is of my favorites. I feel Ruben and Synders rendition is unique and mesmerizing due to the visual attributes. In both Greek and Roman mythologies Prometheus was a Titan whose name means "Forethought." Although there are several versions of the myths, the most famous are that Prometheus creates man and later steals fire from Mount Olympus to save mankind. In the Greek myth, Prometheus was the creator of mankind. The goddess Athena taught him architecture, astronomy, mathematics, navigation, medicine, and metallurgy, and he in turn taught them to humans. Zeus, the chief of the Greek gods, became angry with Prometheus for making people powerful by teaching them all these useful skills. Then when the gods chose Prometheus as mediator in a dispute, he fooled the gullible Zeus into picking the worst parts of the sacrificial bull by hiding them under a rich layer of fat. To punish Prometheus, Zeus withheld fire from men. "Let them eat their flesh raw," he declared. Nevertheless, Prometheus disobeyed Zeus and stole fire from one of the other gods, returning to earth to delivered fire to mankind. Z eus trie...

Green Technology Definition and Examples

Green Technology Definition and Examples Green technology, also known as sustainable technology, takes into account the long- and short-term impact something has on the environment. Green products are by definition, environmentally friendly. Energy efficiency, recycling, health and safety concerns, renewable resources, and more all go into the making of a green product or technology. Go Green or Face Extinction? Since the invention of the steam engine kicked off the Industrial Revolution, our planet has suffered rapid changes in climate that include increasingly severe droughts, increased depletion of groundwater reserves, seawater acidification, rising seawater levels, the rapid spread of diseases and macroparasites, and the extinction of species.  Unless we intervene, these changes may prove irreversible. Green technology offers us the best hope to counteract the effects of climate change and pollution. Why? The world has a fixed amount of natural resources, some of which have already been depleted or ruined. For example, household batteries and electronics often contain dangerous chemicals that pollute soil and groundwater with chemicals that cannot be removed from our drinking water supply and wind up in food crops and livestock grown on contaminated soil. The health risks alone are staggering. Plastic pollutants are another nonsustainable resource thats destroying the ocean habitats of sea creatures around the world- killing off fish, birds, and countless other species. Larger pieces pose choking and strangulation hazards, while the tiny particles of disintegrating plastic are making their way into the bottom of the food chain. As larger fish feed on contaminated krill, they too become contaminated and if those fish are subsequently harvested for human consumption, the contaminants are going to wind up on your plate and in your stomach. Not so appetizing, right? Fast Facts: Principles of Sustainability There are three principles which define sustainability in any type of material, as described by the American ecologist and economist Herman Daly:  Nonrenewable resources should not be depleted at rates higher than the development rate of renewable substitutes.Renewable resources should not be exploited at a rate higher than their regeneration levels.The absorption and regeneration capacity of the natural environment should not be exceeded. Renewable Energy vs. Nonrenewable Energy Nonrenewable energy resources include nuclear, hydrogen, coal, natural gas, and oil. All of these currently fail the definition of sustainability in one way or another but most painfully in the ability of the environment to absorb and regenerate the expenses related to their extraction or production.   One of the best-known examples of green technology is the solar cell, which directly converts energy from natural light into electrical energy via the process of photovoltaics. Generating electricity from solar energy equates to less consumption of fossil fuels, as well as the reduction of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. While some detractors argue that solar panels are expensive and unattractive, new inventions may be just around the corner to offset these concerns. Community solar groups, in which renters will share solar panel products, and new spray-on photovoltaic film using perovskites that have the potential to convert regular window glass to solar collectors are just two possibilities on the horizon that show great promise for the future of solar assets.   Other renewable energy sources include hydro, biomass, wind, and geothermal, but unfortunately, these assets are not currently be exploited at adequate levels to replace nonrenewable sources. Some members of the energy industry are dead set against going green, while others see it as both a challenge and an opportunity.  The bottom line is that while non-renewable energy resources currently comprise 80 percent of the worlds energy requirements, over time, thats simply not going to sustainable.  If we hope to maintain life on our planet, emerging green energy technology must be used alongside existing methods to transition from the unsustainable to the sustainable. The Power of Positive Green Thinking Here a just a few reasons why going green is in everyones best interest: Inventors should know that green inventions and clean technologies are good business. These are fast-growing markets with growing profits.Consumers should know that buying green inventions can reduce energy bills and are often safer and healthier than non-green counterparts.  Even making small changes can have a large-term impact. For instance, consider the waste created by plastic water bottles. Of course, drinking lots of water is a healthy practice but changing out reusable water bottles for disposable ones is health-promoting, eco-friendly, and green. Sources   Cedeà ±o-Laurent, J.G., et al. Building Evidence for Health: Green Buildings, Current Science, and Future Challenges. Annual Review of Public Health 39.1 (2018): 291-308. Print.Hesketh, Robert P. Introduction to Sustainable and Green Engineering: General Principles and Targets. Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies. Ed. Abraham, Martin A. Oxford: Elsevier, 2017. 497-507. Print.Oncel, Suphi S. Green Energy Engineering: Opening a Green Way for the Future. Journal of Cleaner Production 142 (2017): 3095-100. Print.Tonn, B., and P. Carpenter. Technology for Sustainability. Encyclopedia of Ecology. Eds. Jà ¸rgensen, Sven Erik, and Brian D. Fath. Oxford: Academic Press, 2008. 3489-93. Print.Worland, Justin. Inside the New Technology That Could Transform the Solar Power Industry. Time, 2018. Web

Paper on Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paper on Language - Essay Example Another more recent definition of language is given by Michael Holiday. According to him: "Language is a range of possibilities, an open-ended set of options in behavior that are available to the individual in his existence as social man. The context of culture is the environment of any particular selection that is made from within them ... The context of culture defines the potential, the range of possibilities that are open. The actual choice among these possibilities takes place within a given context of situation." This definition is much more encompassing as it highlights that language is not just through the use of vocal or oral symbols but a range of possibilities. Man communicates through speech, writing, and still other means are introduced in this digital age. A human also engage in non-verbal communication through his actions and entire behavior. Holiday also asserts that language can only fully understood in the context of the culture of the speaker or his lexicon. Lexicon is defined as the "knowledge of that the speaker has about a language." This includes information about the form and meaning of the words and phrases, lexical categorization, the appropriate usage of words, relationship between words and phrases, and categories of words and phrases. b. Evaluate the key features of language. The understanding of language can be acquired by evaluating its key features (Design features of Language 2007). 1. Duality of patterning is a basic principle in human language. This feature of language provides an economic way for human beings to create an infinite set of linguistic units. It should be noted that the individual sounds comprising language is meaningless in themselves. Yet, these sounds can be combined together in other to become produce an infinite number of "meaningful utterances." 2. Displacement refers to the unique sense of time in human beings. As opposed to animals, humans have the ability to separate the past from the future and can talk about these time spheres. 3. Open-endedness describes the ability of humans to add new words to the current set of words. This is illustrated by the words which are coined according to our new experiences and innovations which augment, enhance, and even modify our language. 4. Arbitrariness refers to the lack of "natural or essential relationship" between to the words and the objects they refer to. This also highlights that the meaning of the words are constructed through social conventions. 5. Vocal-auditory channel is the feature of human language which sets it apart from animals. Human's communication is through the ears and the mouth and not through other channels like nose or eyes. c. Describe the four levels of language structure and processing. There are four levels of language structure and processing namely, grammar, logic, semantics, and general semantics. Grammar relations refer to the words to words relationship within a sentence without considering the relation of each sentence to another. Logic takes a step further by looking at the statement to statement relationships by evaluating subjects and predicates in an

Researching politics and international relations Essay

Researching politics and international relations - Essay Example To understand the scientific rigor regarding researching, one must focus on the types and the different methods of research. There are numerous methods of research. However, we narrow our researching methods down to two ways; the Qualitative and the Quantitative method. There are numerous methods of research. However, we narrow our researching methods down to two ways; the Qualitative and the Quantitative method. Each is a scientific method much used and approved, by researchers. Before reverting to our topic, it is better to have an extensive overview of the scientific method, quantitative and qualitative methods(Brady&Collier,2004). The research process itself is extremely complex with several variables staying in effect at one time. It is important for the researcher to ensure that the focus remains on the subject that is being researched. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are as different as day and night. Scientists use them to test casual theories. Qualitative mainly fo cuses on how and where. It pertains to the quality of the data, e.g. the quality of a sample , is it randomly taken or is it specific(King ,Keohan ,Verba,1994). However, quantitative method includes all the finer mounts and pertains to the quantity of the data, e.g. a sample of a large population maybe a small sample or a large one. The sample size typically depends upon the objective of the research and what the researcher is basically aiming to identify. Quantitative Method: Generally speaking, scientists use this method for statistical analysis.It is defined as a method of research which focuses on numbers. Nowadays, all types of quantitative methods are required in almost every discipline of social science. This is because they help quantify different aspects of the research along with different phenomenon linked to the variables of the research. Generally, after the experiments are held, researchers use statistics to determine the result of their experiments. Statistical analys is is done by taking out a sample from the experiment and is used to determine the approval or disapproval of the entire group. Quantitative research is based on statistical analysis and can be easily replenished. This method is preferred because of its accuracy in social sciences. The fact is the quantitative researches helps quantify the different questions that the researcher has posed for the purpose of the research. There is no aspect of subjectivity involved here, whereas qualitative research can at times be limited because it is more opinion based than anything else and cannot be generalized easily. Quantitative research is done when subjective formulation of theories has been done in the field of study. The quantitative method of data collection is highly systematized and efficient. The major component of quantitative research is how vague concepts of quantity are measured so that statistical tests can be run on their differences between groups(Manion&Morrison,2000). The qua ntitative data collected is analyzed via statistical databases.If the results of the experiments on the data are significant then it is used to propose a valid hypothesis. Quantitative research of any sample of collected data is systematized and rigorous, which is easier to duplicate and resurrect. The main criticism this method holds is that focuses on one point of the data. Qualitative Method: Miles and Huberman defined Qualitative method as the method that uses words instead of numbers( Miles&Huberman,1994). It is considered â€Å"soft† in regard with quantitative methods of research. Within the vast framework of qualitative research there are numerous methods to compile data and results. Qualitative research is very important in the fields of psychology and anthropology because this method probes in deeper into the data to dig out results, which often cannot be analyzed as thoroughly due to other systematic errors.When data based on quantity comes up, we use traditional q uantitative methodology. However, when researchers are up against data

Human Resource Management methods. Examples Essay

Human Resource Management methods. Examples - Essay Example Similarly, rather than investing money on training money firms are coming up with innovative methods to boost the productivity of their employees. These methods are by giving your employees good working condition, giving them better machinery to work with, increase supervision through the use of modern technology like CCTV, giving them chance of recreational activities and by creating better information flow networks. This is to evaluate the proposed training session on the directive of managing director according to the letter which HR department received on 12 April 2007. The reference number for this letter was "xHRMD". We will evaluate this training session under following techniques: As I told you in our meeting that training and development represent a planned effort by an organization to facilitate its employees learning new job related behaviors. Training usually involves involve two things, a) it involves teaching how to do their job efficiently that is taking less times in the tasks they do, and b) it involves teaching the employees skills necessary not only for present job but also to prepare them for future jobs. However, as managing director has said that the training session is going to improve the morale of the company, this may be wrong as training session might not improve the morale of the employees as many business managers believe that it is nothing but rewards that improve the motivation level of the employees.1 Motivation basically is the when employees are feeling happy and are satisfied with their jobs. The MD of the company might argue that when employees know how to do their work well they may be happy and satisfied. But the argument given b y the managing director might not always be right. Suppose, the employees are working in their present job from decades and know each every thing about the job and know how to do their job well, so one might say that teaching them might not motivate them. However, what will motivate them in the current scenario is good pay or financial security, job security and other needs as suggested by one of the management guru Maslow. Maslow argued that there are levels of motivation and after each level is fulfilled there is a need to fulfill another one to motivate the workers. Suppose, when a person joins the work, at that time he will not have that much money and might need more money to build property and life. At that point, he believes, that money will be the best motivator. You pay your workers well and they will be motivated. Once he has achieved the level of financial security he'll move on to the other level. Now he might want job security i-e he will not want promotion in job and k nowing that he will not be fired. Now these factors will become his motivating

The Indian Middle Class History Essay

The Indian Middle Class History Essay Is there something known as the Indian middle class? How does it manifest itself in everyday India? Illustrate through Santosh Desais Mother Pious Lady. It is very tough to explain the contours that define the Indian middle class. Being in the middle is not a easy thing always as there are two conflicting forces that keep on pulling this middle towards itself. One is the rich, upper class, the elites whose lifestyles symbolise the new dawn of the country. The other is the seemingly poor, lower class which is routinely dismissed as the underbelly. But in Indias case, there definitely exists a middle class which is thriving and is a growing force for every aspect of the country society, culture, politics, market and even cinema. Santosh Desai, through his book Mother Pious Lady, shares this sentiment as he reflects on how the middle class has been negotiating with the seemingly innocuous but defining changes in their culture, thinking and lifestyles. This essay, through some anecdotes from Santosh Desais book and insights of some other thinkers, aims to emphasize the fact that something like a middle class is very much a part of India s structure and manifests itself in every day India. For the current generation, the concept of a middle class seems to be a fairly recent one. But then probably, the middle class was always there in the Indian history in some way or the other. A proto-middle class existed in India much before the British period, consisting of petty officials, shopkeepers, master craftsmen, priests and scribes. But they were not a middle class in the modern sense. Soon, the ideas of Industrial Revolution found their way into British India as well. Social values were transformed by the efforts of reformers like Ram Mohan Roy and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. At the same time, the growing use of the English language provided access to technological, political and cultural innovations of the West. Thus, the Indian middle class was born.  [1]   After independence, started the process of formation of a new lifestyle and image for the middle class the existing middle class of before independence; gained more resources for themselves and moved into the position of the new elites of the new, independent India. With the growth of public sector jobs in the 50s and 60s, came about the growth of a new middle class. As Sanjeev Sanyal puts it, In turn, it created a whole generation of middle-class children who grew up together in housing colonies and with a shared experience Chitrahaar on Doordarshan, the Fiat or scooter that was replaced by the Maruti 800, and the unending sequence of exams. It also led to a culture of sharing with each other. Sociologist Shiv Visvanathan provides an insight, What made the middle- class of the time different was the way it wove together scarcity, memory and boredom. The public sector socialism of the time with its ritual of ration cards created a world of limits. One did not starve but one subsisted on little. The one thing socialism created was the world of boredom as a commons. One shared each others boredom. The 70s and 80s gave a shape to the faint contours of the middle class which had risen in the 60s. The culture of the middle class was now also more consumption based and provided the image of the middle class which we now seem to identify with. Santosh Desai describes these pangs of growing consumption through anecdotes on how sending a 2-word telegram was all it took to convey well-being, how stainless steel utensils acted identifiers of a certain modernity that was newly acquired. Raja Menon provides another insight, Families moved into quarters designated Type 2 A, 14B/43 of Phase 1. All appliances-a radio, BW TV, a stereo, refrigerator and mixie-were displayed in the drawing room and the whole neighbourhood dropped in to watch Chitrahaar.  [2]   The 90s are heralded as the era of the middle class which the marketers chased. Liberalisation opened up new avenues for the middle class. When India opened up in 1991, the big attraction for marketers both national and global was the big Indian middle class estimated to be anywhere between 300 to 400 million and growing.  [3]   Anuradha Goyal documents the pangs of transition for the moderate 80s to the ambitious 90s for the middle class, They (middle class) lived in their own world where they had enough for their basic needs but nothing for their desires. Then came the famous economic reforms of early 90s and it changed the Indian middle class forever. People in the upper echelons of the society probably always had everything, and for the people in the lower rung things have still not have changed much except probably a mobile phone in the hand. But the middle class suddenly had more resources than they were used to. They could now afford to buy houses at a much younger age, cars almost at the beginning of their work lives, clothes and shoes without waiting for a wedding to happen in the family. Psychologically, for people who grew up in 70s and early 80s, the change was tremendous, while their growing up was in the era of scarcity they landed up in the era of abundance without really making a proportionate effort. They embraced the change but also had to deal with their roots that lie in another age. As a class they also became the focus segment for many product and service offerings. They were not used to and had to learn to deal with this sudden attention. During the 90s and beyond, the level of middle class got a raise, a raise which was quite different from that of the upper or lower class. As Madhukar Sabnavis puts the query, In any society, people want to move up in life and there is continuous push for every group to move up. Simultaneously, the people on the top have the urge to do better to distance themselves from the rest. So, to define a middle class by income earned is always possible. And to affix a number to it is equally easy, once the arithmetic is done. But is this actually the middle class and whats special about this class? Why is this group so special to everyone sociologists, marketers and administrators? Economically, the 90s defined the middle class in terms of its earnings and the subsequent spending or to say differently, the consumption. This new middle class worked hard to rise from the bottom, bringing with it a nouveau-rich mentality that some Indians consider vulgar. Today, Indias middle class is one of the largest in the world, equal in some estimates to the population of the United States. The economic reforms started in the early 1990s have spurred an annual growth rate exceeding 7%, with especially rapid growth in the middle class. Projecting that growth rate into the future, Indias income will double every ten years. Within a generation almost 50% of Indias people could become middle class and poverty could diminish to 15%. In line with this growth, the Indian middle class is developing an appetite for telephones, cars, televisions, clothes, refrigerators and other consumer goods.  [4]   This economic rise of the middle class also gave a new direction to the cultural mores which have now come to define the middle class in India Sabnavis again gives an insight, Once unshackled, its not surprising that the Indian middle class felt liberated to enjoy and spend in the last two decades. Integrity is a relic of the Gandhian/scarcity era. Means justify the ends has always been the Indian principle of living Krishna and Chanakya are the cultural icons of this. Jugaad has always been part of our lives. No doubt, words like jugaad, fixing, contacts have invariably crept into the lingo of the average middle class guy. Another quite peculiar identifier of this new middle class culture has been the fixation with English. Puts Vikram V. Garg  [5]  ,Knowledge of English, together with mass media and the internet puts middle India in a very interesting position. It is in some sense, pre-western. The combination of comfort with English, combined with the relatively liberal political and media environment of India, is resulting in a huge American influence on this middle class. Also contributing are the increasingly strong people to people links between America and India. The middle class is thus developing aspirations that are in line with this psuedo-western mindset. It seems that for now these aspirations are mostly consumerish and professional, not political. But the most defining feature of this middle class has been the fact that despite moving up the ladder in the consumption chain, it has not lost view of its traditions which does appear contrasting but is the path chosen. Says Rowena Robinson, The modernity of the middle class does not enter the realm of the mind. Perpetuating patriarchal and hierarchical notions and reaffirming stereotypical gender roles are seen as commitment to tradition. Being liberal is epitomised as consumption and spending.  [6]   Santosh Desai also emphasizes on a related aspect in Mother Pious Lady. He analyses this through the term ritual reality The penchant for symbolic action finds its pinnacle when it comes to finding a method to punish inactionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the institution of the suspension is an inspired oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Most suspensions are liftedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and often with retrospective effectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Overall, it seems to reflect a lack of belief in the ability of any person to materially alter the world through individual actionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ we place thinking on a higher pedestal over action, seeing the latter as a lower order activity compared to the former. Another way to see this middle class is through the silver screen. The depiction of middle class in films has kept pace with the changing aspirations of the middle class itself. As Alam Srinivas puts it, Nationalism is not just about geographies, politics and social upheavals. Its also about economics, in the context of the evolution of the middle class-the intellectual-ideological force behind the nation-building exercise. Over decades, as various pressures transformed it, the middle class forced the country to alter its socio-politico-economic vision. And Hindi cinema has, through the decades, tracked all these changes.  [7]   Madhava Prasad refers to a certain tendency in popular Hindi cinema of the late 1960s and early 1970s. He says that this set of films à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦was addressed to the subject, the individual in society, faced with the struggle for existence, the locus of desires, fears and hopes  [8]  . He refers to this as the middle class cinema. The cinema of 1970s 1980s reflected the middle class as a section of society in transition and in that transition, going against the system and leading to a resultant angst the angry young man image as a symbol for the same films like Zanjeer, Deewar, Laawaris, Shaktià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Films like Ardha Satya and Aakrosh showed the undirected middle-class anger, discontent and confusion during those days in the 1970s and 1980s. The rise of economically empowered middle class in the 1990s gave a new image to be projected by popular media. In an article World Cinema: Bollywood forced to go mainstream? Iain Ball says -The highly educated middle and upper classes in India, once embarrassed at being westernized and for speaking and thinking in English, are feeling confident in their sense of identity and their language for the first time. Theres a whole audience one can target that wasnt there 10 or 15 years ago. This is a new money class.  [9]   As Neha Chadha points out, This also explains the sudden emergence and dissemination of a certain set of images that not only repeatedly appear in Hindi cinema but also float all around us on television, newspapers, hoardings, posters, etc. and create a matrix, of which we have now become a part. All sorts of consumer items fill the frame cars, phones, television sets, microwave ovens, designed interiors and increasingly they became a part of the narrative and sometimes even became the very tools to carry the narrative forward. This larger trend of media images that surrounds us is an ever-expanding universe of merchandise, shopping malls and the new media, and each, in its own way, naturalizes this image culture.  [10]   Thus emerged a new romantic form which was definitely different from that of the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was definitely not situated in the middle class. The romantic cinema of the late 1980s and early 1990s was about the urban youth who spend incessantly on food, clothes and entertainment, an image which continues to be projected even now. As Santosh Desai describes it, The Hero of today is changing, albeit slowly. His clothes are more normal and he woos his woman less roughly, but in many ways he is the same. As a society we still need our Heroes (sic) to do six impossible things before the first song in Switzerland. He must not appear ordinary, for we still have too much of that commodity going around in our own lives. As Chadha reasons, Even though the middle class exists in an enormous number as the principal consumers of these films, it is visually absent in them because it now begins to identify itself with a different class this identification occurs at the level of aspirations. Hence the paradox, the middle class can now not be associated with these images even though they could afford these objects or the lifestyle shown in these films. It is precisely this middle class that is the focus of Santosh Desais book, Mother Pious Lady. Desai dips into the world of media, Hindi films, relatives and jobs to paint a very accurate picture of India prior to liberalisation and in the early period after it. There are uncanny observations about the way Indian middle class has gone about living its life during this time.  [11]   For example, he offers an interesting insight about women travelling in DTC buses which some 20-22 years back, was the preferred mode of travel for the middle class The bus would wait for her arrival if needed to and the crowd would part to allow her to sit in the seat reserved for her. The relationship with the driver was never remotely improper; there was rarely any conversation or even an overt acknowledgement; it remained an unspoken pact between the driver and his muse. Desai offers his take on the changing aspirations of Indians, the dilemmas that come along with sweeping changes post liberalisation, and the historical baggage we carry. What we called middle class values were in reality nothing more than the whole protocol of actions we developed to deal with insufficiency with diginity and graceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A comrade of our needs, an enemy of our desires, this tightness of hand was accompanied by a value system that sought to minimise the acknowledgement of the role that desire played in our lives. He documents the huge shift the middle class has seen from stainless steel to the postcard, the blue used to whiten our clothes, the all-important crease in the trouser, unannounced (now unthinkable) visitors, the Bajaj scooter, the thali, even the pickle. Money used to be hard to come by, but joy wasnt The Maruti, which has been a symbol of the middle class living for quite some time, has been described by Desai like this For most of us, who were born in the middle class only to die there, the car was a border we could not imagine crossing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Maruti compressed the promise of consumerismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ flung the doors of aspiration wide openà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The auto rickshaw, which is also a symbol of middle class transport, has been very amply described The autos appeal comes from its ability to provide a real luxury; it offers us the power of individualised motorised transport. When one hires an auto one is placing a value on ones own time. Rather than wait for public transport, an auto is hailed and ones precise destination is reached. The autorickshaws implicit deal with us is that while it gives us this wonderful luxury, in return it strips everything else in the experience that could remotely reek of luxury à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It is both deeply comforting and dissatisfying. It captures the variable and uneven nature of life in India that is not too poor to have no choices, yet not so affluent that it can take life for granted à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It reaffirms and gives substance to the Indian belief that life may be hard but there is always a way. The politics of speedbreaker are also a feature of his analysis, We may or may not build great roads, but we sure know how to build great speedbreakers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The speedbreaker exists to defeat the purpose of the road. Motorised traffic became possible because of the macadamisation of roads and the speedbreaker is tarmacs revenge on itself à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ But there is a larger need that drives us to put up so many of these speedbreakers. At some level we are afraid of speed and the distance that gets created between those speeding and the rest of us. The speedbreaker is the political front, the battle line that marks the tussle between those with the means to speed and the othersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Desai on those ubiquitous badges carefully bestowed on organizers at puja mandals and Lions Club felicitations: The badge is a quasi-uniform converting disconnected people into a cadre. The badge converts a lower division clerk into an officer bristling with disappointmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and a housewife into a despot with untrammelled powers. Whats the way ahead for this thriving, captivating middle class? Desai discusses how the Indian middle class is emerging from the folds of its past, thereby requiring fresh analysis. This transition, is still ongoing the middle class will become a stronger social force five years from now, with a more nuanced worldview. Rajdeep Sardesai documents this insight, The middle class, especially the more affluent sections, have dramatically shifted their priorities and become more self-centred than ever before. A credit card induced, acquisitive culture has meant that tomorrow is dispensable, what matters is the here and now. As long as an endless cycle of consumption is not significantly altered, there seems little empathy for the daily wage labourer who is struggling to survive. Double digit inflation is just a statistic, not a overwhelming concern.  [12]   Finally Madhukar Sabnavis has this prediction for the middle class, As India evolves, it appears the middle class, as we have known it in the second half of the 20th century, is disappearing. Across India, people are looking to better their lives materially and moving up the acquisition chain demanding more, wanting better products and living richer lives. Indian cultural values, however, will not disappear as people move up. Desire and values can and will coexist and its important for sociologists to accept it and live with it rather than bemoan it.

Scarlet Letter :: Free Essay Writer

Scarlet Letter For Every Action There is a Reaction: the Affects of Sin in The Scarlet Letter According to Webster ¡Ã‚ ¯s Collegiate Dictionary, sin is defined as an action that is or is felt to be highly reprehensible. The average person would agree that it is only in human nature to sin. Therefore the severity of such transgressions is diluted with that simple justification. However, the less frequently discussed and oftentimes the more important issue is the effects of a man or woman ¡Ã‚ ¯s sin. Nathaniel Hawthorne ¡Ã‚ ¯s The Scarlet Letter revolves around the single theme of the unforgivable, adulterous sin which affects Hester Prynne, Pearl, and Roger Chillingworth to their very cores. First, because of this unforgivable sin, Hester was forced to live as the social outcast for the rest of her days. Hester makes her first public appearance clad in the scarlet letter when she first emerges out of the cold dark prison. It is described as  ¡Ã‚ °so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom ¡Ã‚ ± (37). Hawthorne continues to say  ¡Ã‚ °It had the effect of a spell, taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity and enclosing her in a sphere by herself ¡Ã‚ ± (37). Since the scarlet letter symbolizes sin, it is the ultimate source of social isolation for her. Hester is in a sphere of her own where her sin affects her livelihood and has completely isolated her from the world. The prison marks the beginning of a new life for Hester; a life filled with coping with consequences. Guilt is a consequence of sin that Hester must endure throughout her life, which also begins to have a profound effect on her life and thinking. Then, Pearl evolved into the very manifestation of Hester ¡Ã‚ ¯s sin. Pearl is not just a passive reminder of Hester ¡Ã‚ ¯s terrible deed; on the contrary, she is active in the role of torturing her mother. From the very beginning she drives to cause Hester to suffer.  ¡Ã‚ °But that first object of which Pearl seemed to become aware was--shall we say it?--the scarlet letter on Hester's bosom! ¡Ã‚ ± (66). This small movement of the baby ¡Ã‚ ¯s hand causes immense amounts of pain in Hester. Then, when Pearl is older she  ¡Ã‚ °she amused herself with gathering handfuls of wild-flowers, and flinging them, one by one, at her mother's bosom; dancing, up and down, like a little elf, whenever she hit the scarlet letter ¡Ã‚ ± (67). Hester begins to wonder if Pearl really is a demon ¡Ã‚ ¯s offspring  ¡Ã‚ °through the agency ¡Ã‚ ± of her sin.

Transforming the Influence of the Media on our Lives

Our goal in this publication is to help our readers lay a foundation for transforming the influence of the media on their lives. It is in all of our interests to critically assess, rather than mindlessly accept, news media pronouncements. Our hope is that we can aid readers to become more independent, insightful, and critical in responding to the content of news media messages and storiesIf objectivity or fairness in the construction of news stories is thought of as equivalent to presenting all the facts and only the facts (â€Å"All the news that’s fit to print†), objectivity and fairness is an illusion.No human knows more than a small percentage of the facts and it is not possible to present all the facts (even if one did know them). It isn’t even possible to present all the important facts, for many criteria compete for determining what is â€Å"impor- tant. †We must therefore always ask,â€Å"What has been left out of this article? †Ã¢â‚¬Å"What would I think if different facts had been highlighted here? †Ã¢â‚¬Å"What if this article had been written by those who hold a point of view opposite to the one embedded in the story as told?†For example, people commonly consider facts to be important to the extent that they have significant implications for them personally: Is any given event going to affect what they want, how much is it going to cost them, how is it going to influence their income, their living conditions, their leisure, their convenience? How some given event is going to affect others, especially others far away and out of sight, is quite another matter. There is therefore a large divergence among the news media of the world as to what is presented as â€Å"significant† in the world.

Limited Power of the People

Man's destiny is at his own hands. Certainly true nowadays for most people, but there was a time when, and presently in some areas where, people do not decide their own destiny. Destiny of those people was decided upon by their masters or their rulers. In the early modern period (1500's – 1700's) most people do not have the luxury to choose their own path. Take for example the Africans and the people under some monarch. During this time, Africans were compelled to be slaves and imported to Europe and America. While in the case of people under monarchy, their laws are under the authority of their ruler. According to the True Law of Free Monarchies written by James I of England, the king is responsible for the whole land and his subjects. He is the master of every individual residing in his kingdom. He had the power over the life and death of his people. In a monarch, rules and laws made by the king were crafted at his followers' advise or proposal but it is still subjected to the king's discretion on what to implement when times arises. His authority solely made these laws official. Implementation or revoking of certain laws or policies is within his bounds alone. The people are put to oath to be loyal followers of their king and his predecessors. Generally, a king's subject has a sort of liberty as long as they follow the rules of the land and whatever the king wishes them to do. Most of the kings give very harsh punishment to those persons who do not follow his orders. The king is not bound to anything except his conscience and his goodwill to his subjects. As for the slaves, they do not have the conveniences savored by the followers of the king. They absolutely do not have the freedom to do their own will. Slaves were commonly captives or prisoners of war. The victors, rather than killing them, prefer to make use of them or profit from them. Later on, slavery was brought about by racial discrimination. Slavery trade soon flourished when civilization progressed. They use/bought these slaves for the manpower needed to produce the needs of their people, especially for doing arduous tasks. They were usually traded in exchange for money, foods, goods or ammunitions. The slaves were usually kept inside the cages or tied around a tree. According to Bosman, the slaves were first examined by a physician before they purchase them. All those handicapped were set aside, only the physically fit ones were bought. They were also branded for easy identification of their buyers. With regards to food during the voyage, the slaves were fed thrice a day, the food much better than the food that they were eating at their place according to Bosman. Their sleeping area is divided per gender. One part is designated for men, the other is for women. They usually lie very close to each other because they are usually crowded due to the large number of slaves shipped. Majority of the slaves were treated poorly and cruelly by their masters. Very seldom will you find masters that are good to their slaves. Some who are lame were beaten to death. Slaves were not allowed to marry their masters or mistresses but there are some secret relationships that transpired. The world of these people was very limited especially the slaves. They do everything that was asked by their master or ruler and they do not have the right to complain. Some even kill themselves when told to do so by their masters. Their lives were literally on their master's hands. Over time, slavery trade dwindled down because of some resistance and laws enacted upon by humane individuals, monarchy had also been lax with their subject. But if you look around, the idea of slavery or ruling over somebody has not been totally obliterated, some people still do not have the power to choose their own destiny. In the present years, slavery is not so obvious. Though it still exists but it operates discreetly. It is demonstrated by ruling class or rich people by using their money power to influence and dictate the lives of the poor. They have all the power to manipulate them, a discreet demonstration of slavery. Works Cited Page Bosman, Willem. A. A New and Accurate Description of the Coast of Guinea Divided into the Gold, the Slave, and the Ivory Coasts. http://www.cambridge.org/resources/0521808944/3355_WiesnerHanks%20ch13%20sources.pdf James I. True Law of Free Monarchies. http://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/JamesI.html Lain, Zachary. All Men Are Created Equal: Or Are They? The Triangular Slave Trade. http://dhr.dos.state.fl.us/museum/programs/historyfair/Lain.pdf ;